Kant s Metaphysics Of Morals - 2483 Words

Richard Soon Professor Atanassova Perspectives April 3, 2016 Relativism in Kant’s Absolutism Immanuel Kant’s metaphysics of morals offer a well thought out and complex set of formulations that give rational beings the opportunity to be autonomous from outside factors and make moral decisions. In theory, Kant’s metaphysics of morals and a careful use of the categorical imperative are needed to create what Kant describes as the â€Å"kingdom of ends†. Kant oversimplifies certain questions certain ideas, presuming the answers are â€Å"rational† when in reality the answers really depend on multiple assumptions that cannot be nullified in making moral judgments. After a carefully researched analysis of Kant’s metaphysics of morals, why the metaphysics of morals is necessary according to Kant, and critiques of Kant’s metaphysics of morals, my contention is that Kant’s metaphysics of morals is flawed, not wholly applicable to the real current world, and therefore not convincing. To begin, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals is a work of political and moral philosophy by Immanuel Kant. In Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant offers the categorical imperative as a moral obligation that not only binds us but also serves us to true freedom. Kant asserts that we need the categorical imperative and â€Å"has given the world five different formulations of one supreme moral law. The idea running through all of these formulations is that of autonomy: the moral law is imposed byShow MoreRelatedKant s Philosophy Of The Metaphysics Of Morals Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesKant’s Philosophy of How To Act In the second section of Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant argues what is good will. He gives the answer to this question: â€Å"good will is the one which follows the categorical imperative to act only according to that maxim which you can at the same time will that it becomes a universal law† (4:421). Kant means good will is to follow the categorical imperative, which only has one principle of acting following the maxim in the universal law. He talksRead MoreKant s The Metaphysic Of Morals845 Words   |  4 PagesA very influential philosopher Immanuel Kant says, â€Å"To be kind where one can is duty† (Pure Practical Reason in the Moral Law, 127). Kant makes the argument that without good intentions, even if the action itself is morally good, the action has no intrinsic worth. Although he makes a very strong argument, this isn’t accepted by everyone. In the excerpt Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, Kant presents a profound argument that how right an action is, is determined by intention of the principleRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Metaphysics Of Morals897 Words   |  4 PagesGroundwork of Metaphysics of Morals, Kant argues that one’s duty requires an individual to act against one’s inclinations, wants and desires, in order to achieve a higher moral worth. For Kant, the concept of duty is something that you ought to do despite not wanting to, assuming the duty is possible. A duty contains the concept of good will, or acting on one’s duty, against one’s inclinations, which is how moral worth is achieved. In order for an individual to achieve a higher moral worth, he mustRead MoreKant s Grounding For The Metaphysics Of Morals1072 Words   |  5 PagesIn Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanuel Kant seeks to develop a clear understanding of moral principles. Qualities of character and fortun e can be exercised for either good or bad purposes, and only the good will is naturally and inherently good. Humans are at once rational and natural beings; our reason and natural characteristics are distinct from each other. Kant suggests that we must choose either to follow our rational or natural capacities. Although man’s highest purpose may seemRead MoreKant s Argument Of The Metaphysics Of Morals1363 Words   |  6 Pages1A Immanuel Kant, in â€Å"Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals†, gives three propositions. I’m going to explain the second proposition using the help from the â€Å"Friend of Mankind† example he gives. The example state’s â€Å" this person has been a friend to mankind, but his mind has become clouded by a sorrow of his own that has extinguished all feeling for how others are faring. He still has the power to benefit others in distress, but their need leaves him untouched because he is too preoccupied withRead MoreKant s Principles Of The Metaphysics Of Morals1719 Words   |  7 PagesKant’s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals Immanuel Kant offered a reorientation on how the established questions of metaphysics can be resolved. He claimed that man’s mind constructs human experience and that reality must agree with the mind’s notions, in contradiction of the view that the mind is a reflection of reality. His interpretation was that the mind is capable of actively creating experiences instead of passively being shaped by reality. Kant further believed that man possessesRead MoreKant s Groundwork Of The Metaphysic Of Morals860 Words   |  4 PagesKant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals Immanuel Kant was one of the most important European philosophers and lived from 1724 to 1804. In his time he created Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Metaphysic of Morals. Kant starts by stating that â€Å"By identifying a good will as the only unconditional good, he denies that the principles of good willing can be fixed by reference to an objective good or telos at which they aim.† This ties into Kants next part of his work because it describes two shopkeepersRead MoreImmanuel Kant s Metaphysics Of Morals2091 Words   |  9 PagesImmanuel Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals The Greeks classified their philosophy into three fields, namely: †¢ Physics †¢ Ethics †¢ Logic All these three fields tend to interrelate in an attempt to describe nature and the life we live in. Physics is also known as the ‘doctrine of nature’ since it attempts to describe almost all the happenings of life (Wood W. Allen). Physics explains phenomenon such as why does the sun come out during the day, why do we see different colors and so on. It is an attempt toRead MoreKant s Philosophy On The Metaphysics Of Morals, Categorical Imperative1592 Words   |  7 PagesKant’s work on the metaphysics of morals, categorical imperative is defined as an absolute command that must be obeyed in all circumstances. He stated it is a universal moral obligation because it is justified as an end in itself. In another word, if something is morally good it has the ability to will everyone to act in the same way regardless of their background, understanding or circumstances. For example, rational beings do not kill innocent children. This is the kind of moral thinking th at everyRead MoreThird Breaking Down His Most Important Philosophies1097 Words   |  5 PagesGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals 2. Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science 3. Critique of Practical Reason 4. Critique of the Power of Judgment 5. Critique of Pure Reason a. Knowledge b. Metaphysics Topic: Critique of Pure Reason In order to understand Kant’s position, we must first understand the philosophical environment that influenced his thinking. There are two major historical movements in the early modern period of philosophy that had a very large impact on Kant: Empiricism and

Business Function Integration Paper Free Essays

BUSINESS FUNCTION INTEGRATION PAPER The Business Function Integration Paper is a 2 page paper where students provided insight as to how functional areas of a business or organization integrate to drive firm performance. Students are required to describe how their functional area of study (1) drives firm performance directly, (2) integrates with another functional area to drive firm performance, and (3) determines the success of the other functional area in the business. Tangible examples from current events are required for each point listed above. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Function Integration Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now This assignment will require an understanding of multiple functional areas and how they integrate to determine firm outcomes. Please format the paper as Times New Roman, 10 point font, double spaced, with one inch margins. TRAIT| Fails to Meet Standards| Meets Standards| Exceeds Standards| Score| Properly Defines Functional Area(10 pts. )| Incorrectly defines functional area. | Provides a proper definition of the subject functional area. | Provides a holistic definition of functional area including relevant examples and their application. | Identifies Functional Area Responsibilities(10 pts. )| Identifies few, if any, responsibilities. | Identifies multiple responsibilities. | Identifies a comprehensive integrated set of responsibilities. | | Properly Identifies Linkages toFirm Performance(15 pts. )| Identifies few, if any, linkages with few, if any examples. | Identifies multiple linkages and provides relevant examples. | Identifies multiple linkages, describes their influence on fi rm performance, and provides relevant examples and their application. | | Identifies Integration withAnother Functional Area(15 pts. | Identifies a single linkage and example with another functional area. | Identifies multiple linkages and examples with another functional area. | Identifies comprehensive integrated linkages including relevant and insightful examples to another functional area. | | Identifies Linkages to Success of Other Functional Areas(15 pts. )| Provides few, if any, instances of how the focal functional area leads to success of another functional area. | Provides multiple instances of how the focal functional area leads to success of another functional area. | Provides multiple comprehensive examples of how he focal functional area leads to success of another functional area. | | Quality of Written Work(35 pts. )| Paper includes multiple issues with respect to grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Paper is not in assignment context. | Paper includes some issues wit h respect to grammar, spelling, or punctuation. Paper is written to the standard of KSBI. Paper addresses assignment adequately. | Paper includes few, if any, issues with respect to grammar, spelling, or punctuation. Paper is written to the standard of KSBI. Paper offers novel insight into assignment topic area| | Comments| Total Score| How to cite Business Function Integration Paper, Essay examples

Citizenship and Communication

Question: Write an essay on the "politiscram". Answer: The introduction outline and achievement of the game: The essay includes a detailed study of the game called "politiscram. This game is a board game which I conducted and it starts with spinning of the dice. The game includes steps like: set up- each player would choose an avatar and process the game in an democratic way, how to win- overcoming various social and democratic methods; cards- getting the colors of the boxes and the cards by default and maintain the position in the game; blank spaces- achievement of nothing; true and false- challenge to your knowledge. Different factors involving are: Active Citizenship, Politics, Social Media, Collaboration, etc. (Lieberman et al. 2014). Illustration of the theories: This game was constructed with the values and the delicacy of the society. It has great connections with the politics and the society. The main factor which I kept in mind is the contentious politics of Australia. The sustained protests; hybrid relations with the other organizations; and personalized public engagements; etc. The game I focused to relate with the political aspects of Australia as well. The game also consists with the Critiquing Australian politics along with the peace movements, anti-politics movement and so on. The illustrative factors of the game support the democratic and the fundamental factors of the country and the good political aspects to increase the knowledge of the players (Stewart et al. 2012). Role in the game: Initially, the game which I created includes a dice which is spine by the players, and the player who scores the highest will get the opportunity to be the first to start off with the game. As the game continues the player would get the chance to play the dice in a rotational manner. The board is enforced with the name of a politician and if you land on a politician you would gain 5 points. One politician can be capture three times then the politician gets to put behind bars. This will give 10 points to the player. Similarly if the lawbreakers are put behind the bars the players will gain with 1 point and 3 points respectively. If criminal record is arrested for more than five times the players will be deducted with 20 points. The rules are justified likewise. My role in the game was to spread good politics and give knowledge about the political aspect of Australia and give a brief description and demonstration of the democracy and the fundamental properties of the country. I made th e game in such way that each player would take laws in their own hands and deal with the situation with delicacy. Politicians have the sole responsibility to maintain decorum to the society. Therefore the game would consist with the fact of active citizen, obeying rules, and ideal public spheres (Tufekci et al. 2012). This game explicitly exhibits the relationship between the society and the government, and how the government should be representing an ideal public sphere. It also involves the public opinion, public use of reason, and complex genealogy regarding the shifting meanings of the socio historical and various struggles of the society. Collaborative process: Each and every player has participated physically as well as virtually with the medium of facebook, and the grouped in a collaborative and cooperative basis. Therefore it enhances the major factor and initiation of the game. The task got equally distributed amongst all. The questions involved in the cards helped the players to share knowledge with everyone. It is hard to maintain a collaborative and comprehended factor for the game. But I tried hard to involve a collaborative unity throughout the game process. To maintain a collaborative fun workshop I included various factors such as: enhancement of meeting with every finished task; active participation and conversation to develop an unite group ideas and actions; cooperation and providing supports to the other players of the game; and lastly the maintenance of the designed role for the satisfaction of the game strategies, etc. The collaborative processes include evaluation of the game pattern and utilization of the core concept of the game. The players performed the game in a way that each has to depend on the discussion and the answers of the other players. The basic factor for the game is the involvement of the politic career, therefore, named as "politiscrame. This game explicitly exhibits the relationship between the society and the government, and how the government should be representing an ideal public sphere. The most impressive part of the game includes the knowledge of the politics and the other social cultures (Berland et al. 2012). Details and the factors of the game itself: The central theme was based on the realization with cyber attacks on the globa authorization of governments and organizations. It includes the factors of the demonstration of the power of new media, and also about the American food blogger vani hani. The factors also includes with the language of deception. The detailed factor also speaks about the social and political movements which enable the participations of the people and the sole responsibilities of the politicians for the betterment of the society. These politicians where break laws, produce a negative impression to the society, and therefore affects the laws structures of the society in a negative way (Tufekci et al. 2012). Reflects: The game got wind up before the time as expected. We might have had more colors to the board which will increase the span of the game and also help the players to go at a depth. The game consists with only democracy and politics of Australia. Therefore if some players were from out Australia and foreign players would have hard time to understand and play the game. As a result the game should be modified with respect to the political features in general. The democracy of the game was fun too. But making of the game was a little harder than I expected. The players were fully involved in the fun with collaboration of politics and democracy of the country. This game produces fun as well as knowledge to the players. Conclusion: Therefore as a result, the conclusive part of the game includes the game includes the after effects and the feedback after playing the game. The game upheld the factors included with the politics and the democratic factors of the society. Therefore confers an idea about the good politics. The players could distinguish between the good and the bad politics as well. Therefore the game also conveys the message of the bad effects of breaking rule of the society and the sole responsibilities of the politicians towards the betterment of Australia specifically. This game involves either winning or losing, but though the important thing is that the players would play democratically and suffer the retribution that the player brought on herself. Therefore, it may be concluded that this made in supplied with various aspects and subjects of the society. These values of the society are to be cherished and analyzed to bring out the normal scenario of the society (Berland et al. 2012). References: Berland, M. and Lee, V.R., 2012. Collaborative strategic board games as a site for distributed computational thinking.Developments in Current Game-Based Learning Design and Deployment, p.285. Birdwell, J., Scott, R. and Horley, E., 2013. Active citizenship, education and service learning.Education, Citizenship and Social Justice,8(2), pp.185-199. Lieberman, E.S., Posner, D.N. and Tsai, L.L., 2014. Does information lead to more active citizenship? Evidence from an education intervention in rural Kenya.World Development,60, pp.69-83. Macintyre, D.E., Macintyre and Dianne Elizabeth, 2016.Dice Board Game. U.S. Patent 20,160,136,515. Stewart, T.L., Latu, I.M., Branscombe, N.R., Phillips, N.L. and Ted Denney, H., 2012. White privilege awareness and efficacy to reduce racial inequality improve White Americans attitudes toward African Americans.Journal of Social Issues,68(1), pp.11-27. Tufekci, Z. and Wilson, C., 2012. Social media and the decision to participate in political protest: Observations from Tahrir Square.Journal of Communication,62(2), pp.363-379.

The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession

Introduction The stability and vigor of any economy is very important to individuals living within that country, especially when it comes to determining prices of items, employment and lending interest rates. The economy usually undergoes different business cycles; these cycles include either a period of expansion (boom) or a period of contraction, which is referred to as the recession (Weaver 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These economic convulsions normally occur in the ordinary course of business and they are usually unpredictable. Some of the most famous economic contractions to ever hit the planet were the great depression of the 1930’s in U.S.A, the Asian currency crises of the late 1990’s and lately the great Recession of Dec 2008-June 09. The long term growth of any economy is usually controlled by the government using both fiscal and monetary policies. These two tools are known as Macroeconomic policies which the government manipulates over the long run and short run in order to ensure that the economy achieves optimal performance (Colander 29). Monetary policies aim to control the supply of money and interest rates within the economy by setting a floor or ceiling on the amount of money supplied at the economy at any one given moment (Weaver 17). Fiscal policies on the other hand is a macroeconomic tool which a government steers the path of the economy by fluctuation the levels of government expenditure and revenue election which is also known as taxation. Both monetary and fiscal policies are important tools that enable the government through economists to carefully plan on how to counter the negative effects of either a recession or economic contraction. The Great Recession The great recession of 2008-09 is considered to be the worst recession that hit the Ame rican economy since World War II, furthermore the fact that the American economy was entering into recession was scaring the rest of the world’s biggest economies and trade partners this wide spread panic threatening to lead to a financial contagion. The beginnings of the effects of the recession were felt in the Q1 (first quarter) of 2008 whereby by March over 63,000 Americans did lose their jobs. In Q3 the effects of the recession were rampant and many businesses around America started closing down due to bankruptcy claims, at the same time the American public spending had plummeted by over 6.3% and the economy of the United States Gross domestic product went down by 0.5%.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the same Q3 of 2008 more that 156,000 American had lost their jobs (Roberts 29-40). During March 2009 the full effects of the recession were seen worldwide with America’s closest allies and business partners facing the hit and having their economies also plunge into economies contractions. During the same time the American unemployment rate had hit 8.5% and close to 5.1% million Americans were now jobless (Auerbach 6). This meant that America was now in a lot of trouble because the Citizens were less liquid and had little or no money to spend, the same applied to businesses and not only were small to mid level commercial enterprises affected by this but also the giant business now felt the hit and their quarterly earnings together with share prices went down. Some of these corporations included A.I.G insurance, GM General Motors, Lehman Brothers, and Bear Stearns. When citizens and businesses of an economy do not spend due to luck of enough disposable income then speculation ceases to exist and an economy which does not spend will definitely not grow but shrink (Roberts 79-82). The American government was forced to intervene because it could no longer sit by and watch the economic prowess of their country go down the drain the government used Macroeconomic policies to restore the public and investor confidence in the American Economy by bringing it back to track. The Government comes to the rescue Fiscal Policies The American government through the Federal Reserve decided to introduce a $ 787 billion stimulus package as a part of its fiscal policy to stimulate spending within the American economy. The American government aimed at increasing the amount of money which was in the hands of Americans. By this way then Americans would have more money to spend on goods and services within their borders. Most of the money from the package leaked and trickled down into the economy through unemployment benefits for those who lost their jobs and other social welfare provisions and domestic expenditure in education, health care, and infrastructure together with the energy sector (Auerbach 1). According to Maynard Keynes, a renowned economist, when the government counters the contraction of an economy during a recession, increased government expenditure can be a way by which the government can increase aggregate demand within the economy. An increase of funds in the economy will mean that there are more funds which individuals can use to purchase goods within the American economy, this way even the business men and entrepreneurs together with corporate establishments will also have more need to increase business activities and order more suppliers from other vendors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words the spending and demand of goods and services as a result of increase government spending will encourage repeated economic activity that will send a shock wave through the economy and revive business activities (Auerbach 3). The expansionary monetary policy which is also called by economists as easy money was brought about by the Barrack Obama’s administration in order to ensure that local American bushiness would no loner close down because the American consumers lacked funds to stimulate demand, the economists under this regime believed that increased expenditure as the result of the fiscal policy would end up increasing the amount of money that the American public held and this would force them to demand goods and services. Another fiscal policy adopted by the American government during this period was reduction of taxes especially through tax incentives which were also designed for both individuals and companies. Under this scheme, individuals would either save on taxes as a result of tax cuts or receive government cheques of tax incentives. Some of this tax benefits and incentives included new payroll tax incentives where individual taxation was reduced in homesteads that increasing the amount of money available to individuals once they were paid (Auerbach 6). The government reviewed Expansion of child tax credit by extending $1,000 credit to families with children even those families which were not able to pay taxes before. At the same period families with children in collage also got tax incentives in order to promote spending in education, home buyers also got tax incentives through the Homebuyer credit scheme where the government wanted to encourage individuals to buy homes and revive the real estate sector. Unemployed individuals who were enjoying unemployment benefits had their taxable income coming from unemployment benefits also reduced (Roberts 172-177). The government also extended tax incentives to individuals who used more friendly sources of energy and building materials in their homes. Companies on the other hand were allowed to adjust loses running up to five previous years and file for tax refunds, tax credits were also extended to companies which have adopted renewable energy and green practices and some companies also got tax credits and refunds through adjusting the depreciation of their assets.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The move of the American government to offer tax incentive to both the corporate world and individuals was to increase the amount of disposable income in their hands in order to elevate aggregate demand within the American economy. Monetary Policies When the great recession hit America, the government was forced to carry out radical monetary policies in order to pull out the economy out of the recession. The economic bubble that came with the recession interrupted the demand and supply of money together with interest rates. The subsequent contraction of the economy forced the Federal Reserve to adopt an expansionary economic policy that would enable the cash tight economy ensures that the supply of money in the economy was appropriate for recovery. The government besides initiating a $787b went further to bail out banks which had lost numerous funds and had even run out of capital to cater to the largest deposits of their customers (Roberts 82). The rapid revival of the economy mean t that the Federal Bank initiated a nationwide response that would guarantee the increase in supply of money and this would decrease the interest rates. The recession made it hard even for individual and companies to borrow credit because the shortage of money meant that the cost of borrowing had gone up and this led the entire nation to a liquidity problem and individuals/corporate did not spend a lot of money because they feared borrowing. The government thus introduced a bail out package of $ 700B, this bailout plan was necessary and proved fruitful because most of the time it is the banks which serve as the financial intermediaries in a country’s financial system to control the amount of the money in the economy and this provided an avenue by which the Federal Reserve could regulate the supply of money within the economy (Roberts 254). By this way, the Federal Reserve would easily control or influence the interest rates and encourage the American public to borrow money fr om the American Banking system, thus the individuals would spend the money in recurrent expenditures and speculation and encourage growth of the economy. The net effect of this bailout would be stabilization of prices and interest rates, this way business and economic activities would increase steadily and this would reduce unemployment rates in the long run through encouraging repeated expenditure which will push companies into employing more individuals in order to expand their business. Conclusion The moves made by the American government and the Federal reserve contributed a lot towards ensuring that the American economy recovered from the recession more quickly and less scathed. Had the government not reacted as first as it did and used the available macroeconomic policies to bring the expansion effect in the economy at the time of the contraction, then not only would America be affected but the effects of the recession would have been even harder on other countries of the worl d. Works Cited Auerbach, Alan. â€Å"Fiscal policy in recession: US fiscal policy in Recession: what’s next?† CESifo Forum 2/2009. 2009. Web. Colander, David. Macroeconomics, 8th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009. Print. Roberts, Michael. The Great Recession. New York: Lulu Enterprises Inc., 2009. Print. Weaver, Frederick. Economic literacy: basic economics with an attitude. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2007. Print. This essay on The monetary and fiscal policy implemented during the Great Recession was written and submitted by user Zayden Tyson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.