Global Poverty Trends and Global Trade Challenges Free Essays

Introduction Gilder (2012) defines poverty as a deprivation of basic human needs. These comprise of material and non-material needs that are required to facilitate a comfortable life. High levels of poverty lead to social exclusion, which limits the capability of individuals or groups to actively contribute towards community or national development as a result of limited resources (Nolan Whelan, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Global Poverty Trends and Global Trade Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several efforts have been made to increase the income of people across the globe to enable them afford basic needs. Most of the people that have affected by poverty are from developing countries in Africa, Asia, and South America (World Bank, 2013). There have also been efforts aimed at increasing the affordability of these basic items. Such efforts include placing subsidies on basic commodities, which have been successfully implemented in countries like Egypt (Reuters, 2013). Even with these efforts in place, there are several other factors that limit the success of these efforts, especially in developing countries (Alkire Foster, 2011). Some of these factors include corruption, brain drain of educated professionals and unequal price distribution, which often creates a wide gap between the rich and poor. According to statistics from the World Bank, a total population of 1.22 billion across the globe lived under the poverty line (spending $1.25 per day). Comparing this to 1990 whe re the statistics were at 1.91 billion living under the poverty line, an improvement has been made (World Bank, 2013). This is a clear indication of the effectiveness of strategies that have been implemented to fight poverty. This paper intends to present an in-depth discussion of poverty and transformations that have taken place within the past four decades. It also seeks to examine the social, political and economic challenges that result from global trade and inequality. Poverty and its Causes As mentioned in the previous section of this report, poverty is the deprivation of basic material and non-material needs. It is classified into absolute and relative poverty. The present-day absolute poverty line has been set by the Word Bank at $1.5 and $2.5 a day (Couch et al., 2010). Relative poverty is referred to as an estimate of inequalities in income. It is usually calculated as the percentage of people that live below a certain income median (Couch et al., 2010). Given that economic conditions vary from one country to another, the causes of poverty in different countries also differ. Pointers of poverty include unemployment, homelessness, famine, poor sanitation, high infant mortality rates and illiteracy (Gilder, 2012). With reference to developing countries, one of the key causes is the rapid increase in population. A good example of this is India, where the annual population increase for the last 45 years has been at an average of 2.2% (Karuna, 2012). This translates to a n addition of 17 million people annually, which causes a strain on the available resources, making it difficult to sufficiently cater for their basic needs. Governments have the responsibility of ensuring that the livelihoods of their citizens are improved. However, vices, such as corruption, limit the possibility of attaining the poverty reduction objectives. According to (Johnston, 2009), corruption diverts, distorts and delays growth in economy. As a result of corruption, the elite or wealthy in the country continue progressing while the poor or less privileged plunge deeper into poverty. The poor are also denied access to health, education and other social services that are needed to empower them to effectively contribute towards national building (Fisman Miguel, 2008). Illiteracy also contributes towards an increase in poverty because it limits the capability of individuals to be innovative or entrepreneurial, resulting in an overdependence on natural resources or foreign ai d (Teal, 2011). Other factors that contribute to the poverty statistics include unemployment, inflation, lack of capital to support entrepreneurship and a general lack effective policies that are meant to eliminate poverty. Khan and Bashir (2012) argue that poverty is a complicated phenomenon, which makes it quite challenging to exhaustively explain its causes. Some of the theorists in this field, such as Furnham and Gunter (1984) are of the view that people who are prone to poverty are those who have little or no regard for the future. Instead, they use up their resources to â€Å"live for the moment† (Andersen Taylor, 2007). Other theorists argue that the poor have feelings of inferiority, hopelessness and powerlessness, which are passed on from generation to generation. As a result, it becomes difficult for their economic predicaments to be solved. Whilst these views are based on the notion that the poor have themselves to blame for their situations, other are of the view that among the poor, there are those who have the will to work hard if they are given the chance. However, they are limited by their inability to access education that is a prerequisite for obtaining well-paying jobs (Gilde r, 2012). Poverty Trends over the last 40 years Even though it is challenging to get accurate statistics on the actual changes that have taken place in poverty statistics over the last ten decades, a general improvement has been recorded in poverty eradication efforts (World Bank, 2013). In a report by the UN that explored poverty trends between 1981 and 2005, the findings indicated that even though the developing world still has the highest poverty levels, there has been a significant reduction in the severity and depth of extreme poverty, 0.5 billion less people living under the poverty line in 2005 than in 1981 (United Nations, 2010). This is arguably a positive move, given that these are the regions that record the highest levels of population growth. One of the factors that are responsible for these trends is expansion in the global economy, which has resulted in higher average per capita income levels, both in developing ad developed nations (Collier Dollar, 2002). Comparing the current income with the 1960s, there has been an average growth in GDP levels at an average annual rate of 4.1%, while the high and middle income countries have had their GDPs increase by averages of 3.2% and 4.2% per annum respectively. The chart below represents the global poverty trends between 1981 and 2005 (United Nations, 2010). Despite the improvements indicated in Fig. 1 above, a projected increase in populations of developing countries points out the necessity of their governing bodies to ensure that they formulate appropriate policies that will ensure sustenance in economic growth (World Bank, 2012). This is a prerequisite for poverty eradication. Even though it is a general view of the majority that poverty affects developing countries, developed nations are also directly affected by it. For instance, the United States of America has a total population of 46 million living in poverty (Povertyusa.org, 2013). Unlike the general poverty line that is set for the global statistics, a family of four with an annual income of less than the set threshold of $23,050 can be referred to as living in poverty (HHS, 2012). In the UK, the threshold is at ?100 per week for an adult, ?183 per week for a household with two adults and ?268 for a household of four, which comprises of two adults and two children (Clay et al. , 2012). Poverty trends within the past few decades also indicate the notable differences in economic growth in different countries. For instance, between 1999 and 2005, there was a significant general decline in the population living on under $1.25 a day (United Nations, 2010). However, the highest decline occurred in the Pacific and East Asia, which were then characterized by explosive growths in the economy and improved living standards, especially in China. The chart below represents the trends of people living under $1.25 a day in different world regions (United Nations, 2010). From the trends on the chart above, it is evident that while the overall number of people living below $1.25 a day is reducing, Sub-Saharan African countries are among those facing challenges in attaining this poverty reduction goal. On the other hand, countries from East Asia and the Pacific are among those that have managed to register a significant reduction of the number of people living below this poverty line (United Nations, 2010).The Effects of Poverty on Business There are several effects that poverty has on the business environment. The most direct impact of poverty on business is that there is a minimal potential of growth. This is especially the case for businesses that deal in products or services that are not basic. The reason for this is that the majority of the target market lacks the disposable income to purchase products out of their basic needs. This explains the concentration of businesses in urban centres, where the average income is usually the highest. One of the main outcomes of poverty is crime, where the poor engage in different criminal activities to get themselves out of poverty. Some of the main crimes include robbery and corruption. According to kipo, any crime that results from poverty has a significantly adverse impact on business. For instance, violent robbery scares potential clients and a result, limits the levels sales. In addition to the potential reduction of business sales, businesses are also at a risk of losing their revenue to insecurity. From the findings presented in fig. 2 above that indicate a drop in the levels of poverty, it can be inferred that the consequences for the business environment is also positive. This is exhibited by the overall growth in the number of businesses across the world. Challenges Arising from International Trade and Global Inequality As globalization gradually increases in the present-day business environment, there are different opportunities and challenges that are presented as a result of this (Bigman, 2002). Some of the opportunities that globalization has presented include elimination of national barriers to facilitate trade between nations and increased foreign direct investments in developing and emerging economies to capture the available market opportunities (Foskett Maringe, 2010). This has also contributed to an overall increase in the average per-capita income across the world. However, with these opportunities come underlying challenges that mainly result from global inequalities and international trade (Apple, 2013). The implications that the international trade and global inequality have on business are discussed in this section. Social Challenges As the effects of globalization continue to be felt across the world, one of the key challenges that occur as a result of this is brain drain. Often referred to as capital flight, this is the movement or immigration or people with high levels of skills, knowledge and intelligence from a particular country to another (Agrawal et al., 2011). This mainly affects developing countries, where their academic elite immigrate to developing nations in pursuance of better opportunities. Even though it can be argued as a positive move for the individuals who are moving out, the cumulative impact on the home nation is adverse (Docquier Rapoport, 2012). The World Bank estimates that by 1990, the human capital that had moved from Africa to other developed countries could be equated to 40% of its wealth (approximately $360 billion) (Ndulu, 2004). Developing countries are usually characterized by capital scarcity and therefore, further loss of this scarce resource to developed countries undermines the sustainability and development potentials of these developing nations. Professionals that move to developed countries could otherwise positively contribute towards the long-term improvement of the business and socio-economic statuses of these countries. However, their moves can be justified because of the limited opportunities presented in the developing countries (Agrawal et al., 2011). Another challenge lies in the diversity of cultures, religions and other social frameworks (Collier Dollar, 2002). Globalization has been characterized by increased diversities that have brought about tensions in several business aspects, especially human resource management (Docquier Rapoport, 2012). Currently, one of the most sensitive challenges in human resource management is cultural diversity. Thus, it is vital for human resource managers to ensure that the business environment is balanced enough to accommodate people from different economic backgrounds (Crane Matten, 2004). Other soci al challenges include racial discrimination, human trafficking and threatening of family units as members move into other nations in search of better lives. Global inequality can also refer to the unequal distribution of professional or entrepreneurial skills across the globe. The effect of this on business is that it makes it difficult for businesses operating in some regions to get employees with the desired skills locally. As a result of this, companies spend more money either training employees or hiring expatriates from other countries. Economic Challenges The inequalities that exist in different nations also pose economic challenges on the countries, their citizens and companies that invest in those countries (Nolan Whelan, 2010). One of the economic challenges is because of the different currencies that are used in different countries across the world. Fluctuations in these currency exchange rates have a wide range of repercussions on the company revenues (Bigman, 2002). Global trade has also resulted in the rise of new international powers, commonly referred to as emerging economies. These include Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICS) (Collier Dollar, 2002). Whilst this can be considered as a move in the right direction for these economies, the fact that they are recording faster economic growth rates that other economies has an effect on the international trade structures, the flow of human capital and natural resource-consumption patterns (Bigman, 2002). Another economic challenge is brought about by the inequalities in income levels of different countries, which may cause multinationals to take advantage of this to pay workers in developing countries poorly and overwork them as they seek cheap labour (Collier Dollar, 2002). An example of this was highlighted by (Chamberlain, 2011) that in South China, workers at Apple work for excessive hours to meet the international demands of the company’s products. Foxconn is also another example of companies that provide workers, especially in developing countries with draconian working conditions, which occasionally lead to employee suicides (Chamberlain, 2011). Political Challenges Political challenges that affect global trade comprise of those that are outside the control of governments and those perpetrated by the government or the political elite (Henry Springborg, 2010). One of the challenges is created by governments is corruption, especially in developing countries. Countries that are known to be corrupt often have political leaders who require favours from companies in form of bribes or job positions before being allowed to operate smoothly (Reuters, 2013). One key disadvantage of this is that companies that stick to their ethical codes of conduct may either be denied investment opportunities or may have their operations disrupted by rogue government officials. This results into an imbalanced competitive environment in favour of corrupt businesses. Some of the most corrupt countries in the world are North Korea, Libya, Iraq, Syria and Somalia, which are all developing countries (Reuters, 2013). High tax tariffs and interest rates on loans are also polit ical challenges that increase capital expenditures of investors and a result, reduce their profit margins (McGrew, 2000). Political challenges that are caused by factors out of the government’s influence include revolutions, wars, strikes and terrorism (Campante Chor, 2012). One of the most recent events that paused challenges to businesses in Arab countries was the Arab spring that started in 2010, which affected many Arab countries in Northern Africa and the Middle East (Willis, 2012). Others include constant terrorism activities that take place, perpetrated by extremist movements. For instance, Nigeria is among the countries that, regardless of the rich oil reserves that they have, are accustomed to high levels of corruption, and terrorism. As a result if this, large oil companies like Agip, Shell and Mobil have had challenges operating in the country (Shah, 2014). Conclusion There are several definitions of poverty that have been given by different researchers. However, as earlier presented in the paper, it is a complicated issue whose causes cannot be exhaustively established. This paper has provided an overview of the global poverty by providing an in-depth definition of absolute and relative poverty. It has also outlined some of the key causes of poverty across the globe. Global poverty trends over the past few decades have also been discussed in this paper. Even though the trend indicates a reasonable decline in global poverty levels, some countries have not managed to eliminate poverty as much as others. Some of the countries that have effectively managed to reduce poverty significantly include those in East Asia and the Pacific. On the other hand, poverty still remains a challenge in several countries in regions like Sub Sahara Africa. With a high anticipated population growth by 2050 that is likely to increase the strain on available resources, go vernments ought to implement strategies that will contribute towards economic growth so as to sustain these growing populations. Whereas globalization has provided several opportunities for global business, it has also posed several social, political and economic challenges, especially due to the existent global inequality. Some of these challenges have also been discussed in this paper. Aspects that should be addressed in future research include the possible future global trends of poverty. References Agrawal, A., Kapur, D., McHale, J. Oettl, A., 2011. Brain drain or brain bankThe impact of skilled emigration on poor-country innovation. Journal of Urban Economics, 69(1), pp. 43-55. Alkire, S. Foster, J., 2011. Counting and multidimensional poverty measurement. Journal of Public Economics, 95(7), pp.476-87. Andersen, M.L. Taylor, ?H.F., 2007. Sociology: Understanding a Diverse Society, Updated: Understanding a Diverse Society. Mason: Cengage Learning. Apple, M.W., 2013. Thinking Internationally and Paying Our Debts: Critical Thoughts on Diversity, Globalization, and Education. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 49(3), pp.118-20. Bigman, D., 2002. Globalization and the Developing Countries: Emerging Strategies for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation. Cambridge: CABI. Campante, F.R. Chor, D., 2012. Why was the Arab World Poised for RevolutionSchooling, Economic Opportunities, and the Arab Spring. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(2), pp.167-87. Chamberlain, G., 2011. Apple’s Chinese workers treated ‘inhumanely, like machines’. The Guardian, 30 April. Clay, S. et al., 2012. Family Resources Survey. London, UK: Office of National Statistics Department of Work and Pensions. Collier, P. Dollar, D?., 2002. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty: Building an Inclusive World Economy. Washington, DC: World Bank. Couch, K., Smeeding, T.M. Waldfogel, J., 2010. Fighting poverty: Attentive policy can make a huge difference. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(2), pp.401-07. Crane, A. Matten, D., 2004. Business ethics, a European perspective: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Docquier, F. Rapoport, H., 2012. Globalization, brain drain, and development. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(3), pp.681-730. Fisman, R. Miguel, E., 2008. Economic gangsters: corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Foskett, N. Maringe, ?F., 2010. Globalization and Internationalization in Higher Education: Theoretical, Strategic and Management. New York: Continuum. Furnham, A. Gunter, B., 1984. Just world beliefs and attitudes towards the poor. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23(3), pp.265-69. Gilder, G., 2012. Wealth and Poverty: A New Edition for the Twenty-first Century. Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing. Henry, C.M. Springborg, R., 2010. Globalization and the Politics of Development in the Middle East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. HHS, 2012. 2012 HHS Poverty Guidelines. [Online] Available at: http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/12poverty.shtml [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Johnston, M., 2009. Poverty and Corruption. Forbes, 22 January. Karuna, O., 2012. 10 main causes of Poverty in India. [Online] Available at: http://www.preservearticles.com/201107189264/what-are-the-main-causes-of-poverty-in-india.html [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Khan, R.E.A. Bashir, H.N., 2012. Trade, poverty and inequality nexus: the case of Pakistan. World Applied Science Journal, 18(5), pp.722-26. McGrew, A., 2000. Sustainable globalization?: the global politics of development and exclusion in the new world order. In Allen, T. A, T. Poverty and development into the 21st century. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ndulu, B.J., 2004. Human Capital Flight: Stratification, Globalization, and the Challenges to Tertiary Education in Africa. Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2(1), pp.57-91. Nolan, B. Whelan, C.T., 2010. Using non?monetary deprivation indicators to analyze poverty and social exclusion: Lessons from EuropeJournal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(2), pp.305-25. Povertyusa.org, 2013. More than 46 million Americans live in Poverty USA. [Online] Available at: http://www.povertyusa.org/ [Accessed 30 December 2013]. Reuters, 2013. Food price rises put restive Egypt on edge. Reuters, 13 March. Reuters, 2013. The 10 Most Corrupt and Least Corrupt Countries in the World. Reutersr, 3 December. Shah, A., 2014. Nigeria and Oil. [Online] Available at: http://www.globalissues.org/article/86/nigeria-and-oil [Accessed 6 January 2014]. Teal, F., 2011. The price of labour and understanding the causes of poverty. Labour Economics, 18, pp.7-15. United Nations, 2010. Report on the World Social Situation 2010: Rethinking Poverty. New York: United Nations United Nations. Willis, M.J., 2012. Politics and Power in the Maghreb: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco from Independence to the Arab Spring. London: C. Hurst Co. World Bank, 2012. World Development Indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank: Development Data Group. World Bank, 2013. Poverty Overview. [Online] Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview [Accessed 30 December 2013]. How to cite Global Poverty Trends and Global Trade Challenges, Essay examples

History in Victorian Writing free essay sample

Examines narrative rhetorical uses of history in works by and about Sir Walter Scott, Thackeray, Tennyson, Carlyle and others. The purpose of this research is to examine literary uses of history on the part of Victorian men of letters. The plan of the research will be to set forth the basis for evidence that Victorian writers made use of history as a narrative or rhetorical device, and then to discuss specific works of the period that illustrate the manner in which history is employed with a view toward amplifying a poetical, narrative, or rhetorical image. The Victorian Age has been described as having have a strong, if idealized, vision of history. In a review of Jenkynss The Victorians and Ancient Greece, Harris cites the Victorians glorified vision of history as consistent with the presumed ideals of British imperialism, noting that George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, and Oscar Wilde, architects, painters, and sculptors . We will write a custom essay sample on History in Victorian Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page .

Clinical Data Points

Question: What are clinical Data Points? Explain. Answer: The topic selected for this particular research study include educating the importance of near misses or errors in a healthcare facility. The target audience selected in this regard include Registered nurses (RN), Licensed practical nurses (LPN). Likewise, the healthcare unit selected for the study is Baxter International operating in the United States (Baxter, 2016). In this regard, certain specific set of data needs to be selected for completion of the study. Data Points Needed Educating nurses to eliminate near misses and errors from their workplace activities is quite crucial for enhancing the nursing practices and likewise improving the process of nursing care. Likewise, in order to execute this particular program, it will be crucial to identify the data needs with regard to the selected workplace. Near miss events often presents an opportunity to identify as well as eliminate errors that is causes as a result of jeopardize. One of the major data needs in this context would be getting information of relevant to nurses regarding near events in Baxter International across different departments of the healthcare unit. It will be important to identify the past records of the healthcare unit regarding incidents regarding near misses and closed errors further segregating them as per the need of the study (Crane et. al. 2015). Furthermore, primary information will also be needed in the process of completing this research study on the selected topic. Notably, interviews will be conducted with the nurses and other healthcare practitioners within the healthcare unit to get information relevant to nursing errors and events of near misses within the healthcare unit. The information relevant to the topic will also be collected to understand both the positive and negative effects of near miss events and closed errors within the healthcare workplace (Manaq, 2011). Analysis will also needs to be conducted for this study regarding the process of medical error reporting which also facilitates reporting of near miss events in the workplace. This particular set of data points will be crucial in understanding the participation of the nurses in Baxter International in dealing with near miss events (Strub, 2010). Data will also needs to collected regarding the codes and process followed by nurses in Baxter international while eliminating near misses at large. Rationale The rationale for selecting this topic for the practicum project mainly relates with the aspect that it near misses and errors of nursing practices is one of the widely debated topic in healthcare sector today. However, the topic is yet to be largely explored in terms of the importance of educational program for the nurses in dealing with events of near misses and the positives to be leveraged from the same. Owing to this particular aspect, the selected topic has been considered for this study. Again, the data set selected to be used has also been considered on the basis of the needs assessment for completing the study as per requirement. Information related to the past incidents of near misses in Baxter International will serve as crucial for executing the education program for the selected topic. References Baxter. (2016). Sustainability. Retrieved from https://www.baxter.com/corporate-responsibility/sustainability/overview.page? Crane, S. et. al. (2015). Reporting and Using Near-miss Events to Improve Patient Safety in Diverse Primary Care Practices: A Collaborative Approach to Learning from Our Mistakes. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 28 (4): 452-460. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2015.04.140050. Manaq, J. N. (2011). Nurses' perceptions of medication errors and their contributing factors in South Korea. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 19 (3):346-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01249.x. Strub, W. (2010). Near Miss Reporting: An Educational Program. Retrieved from https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013context=nursing_etd_masters

Climate Change Problem

Hour at these part-time jobs

You can make at least $20/Hour at these part-time jobs Need a part time job, but can’t make it work on minimum wage, or even double minimum wage? Lucky for you, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics came up with a list of part time jobs that pay $20 per hour- or more- which is nearly triple the federal minimum wage. Here are some of the best options in fields that aren’t likely to collapse in the next 10 years and that don’t require more than a bachelor’s degree.1. Dental HygienistEarn an average of $35 an hour, with a job growth rate of 19% projected. This job typically requires an associate’s degree.2. Diagnostic Medical SonographerTake pretty pictures of people’s insides! Make an average of nearly $35 per hour, with projected growth of 26%. This job typically requires an associate’s degree.3. Respiratory TherapistHelp people breathe! Earn an average of $28 per hour, with growth projected at 12%. This job typically requires an associate’s degree.4. Physical Therapy AssistantYou donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t need to be a physical therapist to help train people and work in the field. Earn an average of $21 per hour (projected growth: 39%). This job typically requires an associate’s degree.5. Registered NurseThis is a pretty involved career, not so much like picking up a side job, but it comes with the potential to be compensated well. The average hourly pay is $32 and the projected growth 16%. This job typically requires an bachelor’s degree, plus some specific certification.6. Management AnalystEarn nearly $39 per hour, with job growth projected at 14%. This job typically requires a bachelor’s degree.7. Dietician or NutritionistHelp people lead healthier lives and earn an average of $28 per hour. Projected growth for this job is 16%. This job also typically requires a bachelor’s degree.8. TutorIf you’re looking for something that involves a little less commitment and a bit more flexibility, you can always try tutoring or teaching test prep. If you can help teach advanced material or specialized subjects/exams, you can make up to $75 per hour- but the bare minimum is usually over $20.9. Interpreter or TranslatorAre you already fluent in a language other than English? You can earn an average of $22 per hour providing real time interpretation in places like  schools, hospitals, or courtrooms. You can also get a job with a translation company or work on a freelance basis. Projected growth for this job is 29%.10. Massage TherapistIf you like healing people and you have strong hands and a desire to learn, you can get certified as a massage therapist and make an average of $21 per hour.No matter what your qualifications, there are part-time jobs out there that allow you the flexibility you need in your schedule and still will make it possible for you to pay the rent. When all else fails, consider the service industry (serving, bartending, catering, personal chef-ing, personal assisting, nannying, personal shopping, landscapin g, dog walking, etc.) or the fashion industry (consulting, doing make-up or hair) or even designing apps or selling crafts on Etsy. A little imagination and tenacity can lead to you making a great living on an hourly wage.

Correlation between GDP per capita and immigration rates in Canada Essay

Correlation between GDP per capita and immigration rates in Canada - Essay Example Immigration often affect the employment of the native residents but mainly being determined by the role the host country’s residents play in the labor market (Nadeau 2011). Immigration is always caused by an individual decision to seek for a job opportunity and that is why the economy of the host country plays key role in instigating the immigration (Nadeau 2011). Especially when immigrants are very skilled labor they will be preferred over the host’s nations residents who might not be having both experience and skilled manpower. High growth in a country’s GDP means that more good things for a country and even though growth may not be the only requirement for better well being it is very essential because income and consumption is very important (Nadeau 2011). The cause for the rise of crisis within the employment sector as a result of immigration is partly due to the fact that immigrants create few employments opportunities as compared to the positions they are filling in. In Canada, immigration rate didn’t affect the country’s economic growth until around 1980s when it then started affecting unemployment rate (Grubel and Grady 2011). In the last 10 years, there had been over 240,000 immigrants into Canada per year who have become permanent residents by virtue of admission. In 2003 there were a total of 221, 300 but later in 2010 the figure rose to 280,600 a big rise indeed (Grubel and Grady 2011). Among this immigrants majority are women who make up over half the total number of those admitted. Immigrants being admitted have women that are more represented in comparison with the other gender. Women also do make big portion of those dependents on the immigrants. In the above mentioned period women have made up to 60.2 % in family category, this range from 58.6 percent to 60.2 percent over the last 10 years (Grubel and Grady 2011). On the side of economic applicants principal men outnumbered women. Despite the fact that women are smaller in number among the economic principal applicants in relation to men their figure have been rising steadily over the past few years starting from 26.1 percent in 2003 and hitting 40.2 later in 2011 (Grubel and Grady 2011). There are a proportion of immigrants whom they are women mainly who came in as live caregivers. Over the last 10Â  years (2002–2011), 68.5Â  percent (roughly 1.3 million) of all new immigrants aged between 15 and 64 indicating an intention to work upon arrival (Grubel 2009). This proportion ranged from a low of 66.4Â  percent in 2006 to a high of 70Â  percent in 2010. Furthermore, 38.8Â  percent of spouses and dependants of economic immigrants indicated an intention to work upon arrival, as did 99.8Â  percent of economic principal applicants. Across all categories, immigrant men (82Â  percent) are more likely than women (55Â  percent) to join the labour force upon arrival (Grubel 2009). Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita results fro m the GDP divided by the country population at the middle of the year. To find the GDP of a country, the cross value of all producers in the economy are added together plus any product taxes and subtract subsidies. The calculations do not consider the depreciation of assets or degradation of natural resources (Grubel 2009). The GDP calculation is normally done by the World Bank and IMF. The wealth of the country is normally determined by the GDP and in many occasions it does not reflect the real cost of living in a country. The GDP per capita for Canada for the last 10 years with percentage change is shown below. 2002 =$23,425=3.47 % 2003 =$27,335=3.06 % 2004 =$31,012=4.92 % 2005

Monologues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Monologues - Essay Example Monologues have been part of plays, film scripts, and has been interjected into the twenty- first century with the emergence of blockbusters. It allows us to value the importance of a character's own existence without the supplementary help of the surrounding characters, just a certain strength with processing streams of emotions and lines of thoughts into words carefully chosen and rearranged. The term "monologue" was used to describe a form of popular narrativeverse, sometimes comic, often dramatic or sentimental,which was performed inmusic hallsor in domestic entertainments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Monologues are a celebration of a character's humanity. In Shakespeare's playwrights, monologues are often called soliloquies. Asoliloquyis a type of monologue in which a character directly addresses an audience or speaks his thoughts aloud while alone or while the other actors keep silent. In fictional literature, aninterior monologueis a type of monologue that exhibits the thoughts, feelings, and associations passing through a character's mind. These monologues, since time immemorial, have established the character's individuality in a pedestal. It allows the character to see process his feelings, thoughts and perceptions freely. According to ()The "interior monologue" is a technical device in narrative. It renders a character's thoughts in the present tense, omitting speech markers such as "he thought" and quotation marks. Although the terms are often confused, it can be distinguished from thestream of consciousnessdevice by its relatively structured syntax and possibility of the monologist's addressing himself. The device allows a rendition of a character's thoughts and emotions more intimately than traditional forms of narration, since all readers learn what the character says only to himself. These poems aredramaticin the sense that they have a theatrical quality; that is, the poem is meant to be read to an audience. To say that the poem is amonologuemeans that these are the words of one solitary speaker with no dialogue coming from any other characters. Think of one person standing alone on a stage speaking to an audience. Certainly, you are part of that audience, but the poem usually implies that the speaker is mainly talking to a specific person(s). Internal struggles are very humanistic traits and this bridges the gap of reader and literature. Such struggles are very much conveyed by a monologue, especially if well written and a good reflection of a universal human experience. Monologues are crucial to characterization. Often, what readers remember well about a certain piece of literature is the certain character whom they feel deeply with. The novelist's has to render the character strong and human, possesses and air of fascination and must be believable, above all. Monologues are meant to reach out to the reader and supplement the textual identity of the literary work it is encompassed upon. It produces the cadence of and spirit and contributes to the whole lore of a work of literature. Barthes and Textual Identity There is a concept inlinguisticsandliterary theorythat refers to the attributes that distinguish the text (a technical term indicating any communicative content under analysis) as an object of study in those fields. This is called Textuality. To consider the text and its identity is to analyze its textuality